Research and Planning
FOX 25 by jasmine fogoe
bbc by jasmine fogoe
cnn by jasmine fogoe
cbbc news round by jasmine fogoe
This is my summer transition work. I analysed four different TV news programmes, each of them differing in their aspects.I analysed the codes of conventions of FOX, Newsround, CNN and BBC News. The one that stood out the most in comparison to the rest of them is Newsround, This is because the programme is aimed at a much younger target audience so the content is much more light hearted and colourful as a younger audience tend to have a lower tendency to concentrate. For example, Newsround's title sequence contained many animations and non-stereotypical colours such as purple, green and blue. Other news programmes tend to contain primary colours in their house style, this includes red, blue and yellow with addition of black and white. The other programmes are more serious as they tend to focus on more serious issues and stories.
Logo 24/10/17
In class, we worked in a groups and discussed what we would like our logo to look like. First we analysed other existing television programmes to gain a general idea of what a typical news logo looks like. We analyse news logos such as BBC, Fox News and CBS. All of which differ in appearance but still share similarities, specifically bold fonts and capital letters.
We then came up with our own individual sketches of our news logo. Following this, we passed our sketches around the class and the class then chose what logo was their favourite. We then attempted creating this logo in Photoshop.
Creating our Logo by Julia Elloso
bbc by jasmine fogoe
cnn by jasmine fogoe
cbbc news round by jasmine fogoe
This is my summer transition work. I analysed four different TV news programmes, each of them differing in their aspects.I analysed the codes of conventions of FOX, Newsround, CNN and BBC News. The one that stood out the most in comparison to the rest of them is Newsround, This is because the programme is aimed at a much younger target audience so the content is much more light hearted and colourful as a younger audience tend to have a lower tendency to concentrate. For example, Newsround's title sequence contained many animations and non-stereotypical colours such as purple, green and blue. Other news programmes tend to contain primary colours in their house style, this includes red, blue and yellow with addition of black and white. The other programmes are more serious as they tend to focus on more serious issues and stories.
Codes and Conventions of Local TV News 15/09/2017
The typical length of time for the local news is approximately five minutes long. ITV News has a four minute long showing. The sound or music of the introduction is quite hard and upbeat which is done in order to instantly capture the attention of the audience.. During the title sequence there are many stills used of Birmingham. Through the use of Semiotics, this title sequence tells the audience where this news programme is located. The location being reveled also shows that this is a local news programme. The ITV news logo is unique and not capitalised. The logo is accompanied by 'NEWS CENTRAL' in capital letters. They are capitalised in order to highlight the type of programme which is news. This is a good indicator in directly informing the target audience on the genre of programme.
When the presenter is first introduced in the programme, she is presented with a mid shot and positioned centrally. By observing the mise-en-scene, it is clear to the audience that they are watching a news programme. The scene contains typical codes and conventions of the news genre. The backdrop for the presenter is the skyline of the city Birmingham, this again tells the audience where the location of the programme is. The presenter is portrayed in a mostly formal way as she is wearing a formal, dark toned dress. However because she is wearing a bright pink necklace and earrings ultimately suggest a more lighthearted tone to the news. When she is first shown, she has a slight smile on her face immediately creating a friendly presence followed by a 'good afternoon'. Immediately after this greeting, she goes straight in to the first story of the programme. The first story is the longest and most in depth story as it tends to have a lot of detail, followed by shorter stories.
The audience are then introduced to a woman who wanted her face to be blurred out, the camera is placed at a mid shot followed by a voice over. Shortly after this scene, there is a reconstruction scene included. These scenes allow the situation to be reenacted, thus allowing the audience to gain further information on what the victim experienced. During the interview of the woman, in the background the audience can hear the ambient sound of the outside world. The purpose of this is to show the realism of the situation making it more believable.
Straight after the first story, the second story is introduced with the same level of seriousness. This specific story is an ongoing news piece which means that the case or topic has not been fully disclosed making it difficult to prioritise over the first story. The second story is also significantly shorter because of this.
he third story is much lighter than the previous stories as it involves the death of a dog rather than a human. Stories regarding animals tend to be ranked lower on the list of importance in television news programmes. The fourth story becomes much more positive in comparison to those previous. The story includes plans directly linked to the location of the area which the programme is focused on.
The final story is a personal interest story. It is much softer compared to the other stories, focusing on the achievement of a specific person. The named super and focus of the story demonstrated how his life changed when he was given a job thus giving credit or publicity to the company and to the city of Birmingham.
Following this story, the camera is positioned differently, positioning the presenter towards the left of the screen. This gives space for the screen in the background to be focused on which is there in order to introduce the weather. Following this is a short advertisement which is sponsored by the weather. The weather woman is presented with a named super stating her name and contact details. The logo of ITV is also feature along the bottom of the screen. The background features a window with rain drops on it which links to the introduction of the weather itself. A map of the UK is then included, cutting off the top. This is done because the focus of the weather is the west midlands. There is a direct mode of address initiated by the weather reporter as she is directly talking and smiling 'at the audience'. There is then a zoom in to the West Midlands showing the specific areas and what the weather will be like for them. After the weather there is a short advertisement again followed by a return to the studio. Following this, the sign off is then initiated, the anchor then prepares to sign off to the audience and at the bottom of the screen appears some convergent links for ITV News.
The music of the entire programme is from the same piece of music which assists in maintaining the continuity of the programme. Continuity plays a key role in making the programme realistic and professional in relation to the television news genre. It is important that the font and house style colours stay consistent. The house style colours of ITV News are blue and white which are very simple colours. News programmes tend to have either blue or red as part of the house style. The editing of ITV news is also quite simplistic, including straightforward transitions. This is a typical code and convention of television news programmes. The strip along the bottom often switches between named supers, convergent links and headlines.
Semiotics: The study of meaning and how we attach meaning to things, particularly related to the understanding of signs and symbols and how they are used (likeness, analogy, metaphor, symbolism, signification and communication.
Semiotic Democracy: "The delegation of the production of the meanings and pleasures to viewers/audiences" - John Fiske.
Post Structuralism: The position argues that the reader, rather than the author, decides the meaning in a text or piece of media. This displacement is often referred to as the "destabilizing" or "de-centering" of the author.
Preferred reading: The audience conforms to the dominant idealogy of society.
Negotiated reading: There is some acceptance of the preferred reading with the some personal negotiation.
Oppositional reading: The audience reject the values of the text completely.
Expectations:
Narrative Theory
Group Presentation: 2/10/17
News worthy is the term used to debate whether a news story is worthy of coverage in the media. For example a headline title may be: "Doctors warn young people on mobile usage."
This headline title would be considered as news worthy because it is focused on a large number of the population and because such a large amount will be impacted by the headline will make it successful. The title also has a subject focused on health. The topic of health is one of the most common categories in making a successful news worth headline. Other of these categories could include: Poverty, Environmental issues and so on.
News Values:
News values are a way to evaluate and news broadcast. They can be applied when deciding which day's stories to include and what priority to give each story. They were defined by Galtung and Ruge and they are used to break down the criteria which a story will be judged by. They focused on what factors place news stories at the top of the news agenda. These values they identified fall in to three categories: Impact, Audience Identification and Pragmatics of media coverage.
Impact
When the presenter is first introduced in the programme, she is presented with a mid shot and positioned centrally. By observing the mise-en-scene, it is clear to the audience that they are watching a news programme. The scene contains typical codes and conventions of the news genre. The backdrop for the presenter is the skyline of the city Birmingham, this again tells the audience where the location of the programme is. The presenter is portrayed in a mostly formal way as she is wearing a formal, dark toned dress. However because she is wearing a bright pink necklace and earrings ultimately suggest a more lighthearted tone to the news. When she is first shown, she has a slight smile on her face immediately creating a friendly presence followed by a 'good afternoon'. Immediately after this greeting, she goes straight in to the first story of the programme. The first story is the longest and most in depth story as it tends to have a lot of detail, followed by shorter stories.
The audience are then introduced to a woman who wanted her face to be blurred out, the camera is placed at a mid shot followed by a voice over. Shortly after this scene, there is a reconstruction scene included. These scenes allow the situation to be reenacted, thus allowing the audience to gain further information on what the victim experienced. During the interview of the woman, in the background the audience can hear the ambient sound of the outside world. The purpose of this is to show the realism of the situation making it more believable.
Straight after the first story, the second story is introduced with the same level of seriousness. This specific story is an ongoing news piece which means that the case or topic has not been fully disclosed making it difficult to prioritise over the first story. The second story is also significantly shorter because of this.
he third story is much lighter than the previous stories as it involves the death of a dog rather than a human. Stories regarding animals tend to be ranked lower on the list of importance in television news programmes. The fourth story becomes much more positive in comparison to those previous. The story includes plans directly linked to the location of the area which the programme is focused on.
The final story is a personal interest story. It is much softer compared to the other stories, focusing on the achievement of a specific person. The named super and focus of the story demonstrated how his life changed when he was given a job thus giving credit or publicity to the company and to the city of Birmingham.
Following this story, the camera is positioned differently, positioning the presenter towards the left of the screen. This gives space for the screen in the background to be focused on which is there in order to introduce the weather. Following this is a short advertisement which is sponsored by the weather. The weather woman is presented with a named super stating her name and contact details. The logo of ITV is also feature along the bottom of the screen. The background features a window with rain drops on it which links to the introduction of the weather itself. A map of the UK is then included, cutting off the top. This is done because the focus of the weather is the west midlands. There is a direct mode of address initiated by the weather reporter as she is directly talking and smiling 'at the audience'. There is then a zoom in to the West Midlands showing the specific areas and what the weather will be like for them. After the weather there is a short advertisement again followed by a return to the studio. Following this, the sign off is then initiated, the anchor then prepares to sign off to the audience and at the bottom of the screen appears some convergent links for ITV News.
The music of the entire programme is from the same piece of music which assists in maintaining the continuity of the programme. Continuity plays a key role in making the programme realistic and professional in relation to the television news genre. It is important that the font and house style colours stay consistent. The house style colours of ITV News are blue and white which are very simple colours. News programmes tend to have either blue or red as part of the house style. The editing of ITV news is also quite simplistic, including straightforward transitions. This is a typical code and convention of television news programmes. The strip along the bottom often switches between named supers, convergent links and headlines.
Audience Theory
What is newsworthy? The term newsworthy ultimately means what the region is interested in. It is the debate whether an event is worthy of coverage in the press. The content can be covered on different news platforms such as Print, Broadcast or E-Media. News worthy is the term used to debate whether a news story is worthy of coverage in the media. For example a headline title may be: "Doctors warn young people on mobile usage."
This headline title would be considered as news worthy because it is focused on a large number of the population and because such a large amount will be impacted by the headline will make it successful. The title also has a subject focused on health. The topic of health is one of the most common categories in making a successful news worth headline. Other of these categories could include: Poverty, Environmental issues and so on. Semiotics: The study of meaning and how we attach meaning to things, particularly related to the understanding of signs and symbols and how they are used (likeness, analogy, metaphor, symbolism, signification and communication.
Semiotic Democracy: "The delegation of the production of the meanings and pleasures to viewers/audiences" - John Fiske.
Post Structuralism: The position argues that the reader, rather than the author, decides the meaning in a text or piece of media. This displacement is often referred to as the "destabilizing" or "de-centering" of the author.
The diagram presents Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. This demonstrates human needs and how humans are motivated to satisfy these needs. The bottom of the pyramid presents the lower forms of needs however these are the most important and fundamental needs in order for a human to survive. As the pyramid progresses, the more complex needs are shown, more specifically not everyone will have access to these specific needs because they are not necessities.
In accordance to the news, Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be used in order to present how the news helps to maintain and satisfy specific needs. These needs include:
- Need for safety and security: By having knowledge about current events, this makes the audience less prone to being exposed to danger because by having knowledge on potentially dangerous events, they can naturally avoid the situation. One's security is maintained through information provided to them about economic situations, more specifically things that can affect their employment or social stability.
- Social needs and belonging: By consuming the content provided to them through the news, one is able to gain information on interests and social situations and by having the news to explore their personal interests they are able to discuss them with others. The news is also a form of education, by watching the news, they can gain information and education on different cultures, races, religions etc. Thus allowing them to gain respect for people who are different to them.
- Need for self-actualization: As previously stated, the news plays a form of education for its target audience. By consuming news they can gain a sense of morality, purpose and acceptance.
What set of needs according to Maslow do you find the most important?
Gratification Theory - Blumler and Katz
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs is used in order to produce Gratifications theory. This theory states that the audience actively seek out specific media in order to satisfy specific needs. Rather than being passive and accepting everything that is provided to them through the news, the audience are actually active and play an active role ultimately making the responsible for choosing specific media to meet their desires and needs to achieve gratifications.
From using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order to come up with four categories for
human needs:
human needs:
- Surveillance: Our need to know what is going on in the world, similar to Maslow's category of security. This ultimately means that knowledge is equal to the ability to avoid danger.
- Personal Relationships: The need to interact with other people.
- Personal Identity: The need to define our identity. This is a sense of oneself and allows way for value reinforcement.
- Diversion: The need for an escape, some type of entertainment and relaxation.
Alvin Toffler
- Prosumer: An pro-active consumer.
- The prosumer helps to improve or design the goods and services of the marketplace, transforming it and their roles.
- All media texts are polysemic and can be read differently based on the individual's cultural background and life experiences.
Reception Theory - Stuart Hall
Negotiated reading: There is some acceptance of the preferred reading with the some personal negotiation.
Oppositional reading: The audience reject the values of the text completely.
Expectations:
- Diversity (Representation of the presenters and those interviewed)
- Reliable and trustworthy content
- Weather
- Vox Pox
- Variety of genres
- Animations, graphics and diagrams
- Digitalisation
- Good sources
- House Style
Demographics:
- Classify audience into age, gender, race etc.
- Broken in to bands depending on their job or status
Psychographics:
- Reformers: independence, oppositional.
- Aspirers: materialistic, desire to improve,wealth, power.
- Explorers: need to discover, early adapters.
- Succeeders: already have wealth or status.
- Mainstreamers: part of the masses, honesty, reassurance.
- Strugglers: live for today,unable to plan.
- Resigners: Creatures of habit, unwilling to change, nostalgic pleasure.
Audience Research PowerPoint 25/09/17
Audience Research
John Hartley
Hartley came up with the idea that
institutions produce:
“Invisible fictions of the audience which allow the
institutions to get a sense of who they must enter in to a
relationship with.”’
He theorised there are 7 socially grouped
categories when identifying an audience.
Self – ambitions or interests of the
audience.
Gender – associated motives by
gender.
Age Group – stereo typically having
different priorities, needs and aims in life.
Family – place in the family, e.g.
parent or child.
Class – different social classes
required different things.
Nation – the country a group of
people come from and their style.
Ethnicity – the ethnic grouping of the audience may play a role in the choice of actors or
images.
Ethnicity – the ethnic grouping of the audience may play a role in the choice of actors or
images.
Potential Questionnaire Questions 2/10/17
Vox Pops
For our vox pops we went around the school and interviewed students and teachers. Our interview questions included things such as what kind of media content they would be interested in consuming. This gave us better insight in to our target audience but also allowed to identify what an audience looks for in media content. Looking at two different ages further allowed us to figure out what kind of audience we wanted to cater to.
Survey 6/10/17
To conclude, from the results from the survey, as a group we have deduced that we will have a target audience of the age range between 11-17 years old. We have decided to go for a less linear age group as we feel as though this age group is under represented throughout the media. We are also going to broadcast our television news programme at lunch time, this broadcast will be available on social media platforms.
Presentation Peer Marking: 18/09/17
Presentation Feedback: This was the first verbal presentation I performed in class. My presentation was recorded and I was assessed for it. Giving this verbal presentation allowed me to demonstrate my confidence and ability to deliver a good presentation. I ensured that I knew the basics of my presentation so I did not have to rely on the board as much thus allowing me to engage in eye contact with the camera. My feedback shows that I was confident and used a lot of detail and keywords in my work. To improve my presentation I could include the news clip I analysed so that my audience can also analyse it and see the ways in which I analysed it too.
Narrative Theory
Group Presentation: 2/10/17
Notes in class
2/10/2017
What are news values?
News worthy is the term used to debate whether a news story is worthy of coverage in the media. For example a headline title may be: "Doctors warn young people on mobile usage."
This headline title would be considered as news worthy because it is focused on a large number of the population and because such a large amount will be impacted by the headline will make it successful. The title also has a subject focused on health. The topic of health is one of the most common categories in making a successful news worth headline. Other of these categories could include: Poverty, Environmental issues and so on.
News Values:
News values are a way to evaluate and news broadcast. They can be applied when deciding which day's stories to include and what priority to give each story. They were defined by Galtung and Ruge and they are used to break down the criteria which a story will be judged by. They focused on what factors place news stories at the top of the news agenda. These values they identified fall in to three categories: Impact, Audience Identification and Pragmatics of media coverage.
Impact
- Threshold: If the story affects a large number of people it will most likely be a top news story.
- Frequency: Events that occur suddenly have a better chance at becoming a top news story rather than stories that occur over a consistent long period of time. The more dramatic, non-repetitive and unexpected the story is the more successful it will be.
- Negativity: Bad news in considered more exciting than good news. This includes stories focused on tragedies such as death, bankruptcy, violence or damage.
- Unexpectedness: If an event is out of the ordinary is more likely to make it into the news. A. Dana: "If a dog bites a man, that's not news. But if a man bites a dog, that is news!"
- Unambiguity: Events that are easy to grasp make it easy to understand.
Audience Identification
- Personalisation: An audience want to hear about real and genuine people and their stories. They do not want the news saturated with celebrities because they are unable to relate to them. Having someone who they can relate to makes the story more interesting and so more successful in being a top news story.
- Meaningfulness: This links to personalisation. The audience will seek out a person or topic that which they can relate to. This includes similarities in culture, language, beliefs and appearance.
- Reference to elite nations: Stories concerned with global powers receive much more attention. This is mainly because these specific powers can be used to influence the audience. An example of this can be the cultural similarities between the USA and the U.K.
- Reference to elite persons: The media pay attention to those who are rich, powerful, famous and infamous. Stories about important people get the most coverage such as Donald Trump.
Pragmatics of media coverage
- Consonance: Stories which match the media's expectation receive more coverage . This appears to contradict the notion of unexpectedness but consonance refers to the media's readiness to report if they are prepared for it.
- Continuity: A story which is already in the news gathers a kind of momentum. News teams are already in place to report the story because previous reportage may have already been made thus allowing the audience to access the story more.
- Composition: Stories must compete with one another for a space in the media. Editors may seek to provide a balance of different types of coverage.
Analysis of News Clip: Jeremy Corbyn makes me proud to be British
Impact
- Threshold: The story affects a large number of people, more specifically an entire country. Due to the population being affected, more people will be interested in the story as it directly affects them.
- Frequency: Although the topic of the story has been widely speculated, the audience will anticipate the outcome or result of the voting.
- Negativity: This depends on the individual and their personal views on the situation. For some, the potentiality of Jeremy Corbyn becoming the next Prime minister may be a bad thing for some people. This could possibly be because they support another party.
- Unexpectedness: The situation is not necessarily unexpected but as stated before, the outcome or result will play a huge role in maintain the unexpectedness of the story.
- Unambiguity: The event is quite easy to grasp as there is a large amount of coverage on the story which makes it easy for the target audience to stay up to date and to consume the information given to them.
Audience Identification
- Personalisation: The story is heavily embedded with realism. The audience find it easy to relate to the situation as it directly affects them. Jeremy Corbyn also has a basic and quite normal background which makes it easy for the audience to relate to him.
- Meaningfulness: Due to the story having a large threshold which means that a lot of people will be impacted, the story is considered as meaningful. The audience will share the same cultural proximity as the topic of the story.
- Reference to elite nations: The story is concerned with global powers, to be specific, the U.K. and the topic of Brexit. Due to the cultural proximity being so close means that the story will receive a lot of coverage.
- Reference to elite persons: Jeremy Corbyn would be considered as an elite figure as he is not only a member of the parliament but is also running for prime minister.
Pragmatics of media coverage
- Consonance: The story matches the media's expectations because the topic of Brexit has been widely speculated.
- Continuity: The story has already been gather in the news and so it gains momentum when being covered again. Previous coverage makes it easier for the media to cover the story as they are prepared for it.
- Composition: Due to this specific story being focused on Jeremy Corbyn, a specific candidate from a specific party. This story has to compete with other stories based on other candidates.
Narrative Theory PowerPoint 16/10/17
Local Lunch
In class, we worked in a groups and discussed what we would like our logo to look like. First we analysed other existing television programmes to gain a general idea of what a typical news logo looks like. We analyse news logos such as BBC, Fox News and CBS. All of which differ in appearance but still share similarities, specifically bold fonts and capital letters.
From everyone's designs in the group, we came to the conclusion that Julia's design was the design that which wanted to base our logo on. The design is unique and not too serious considering we are aiming for a younger target audience. This is the design I created using photo shop.
Weather Report Analysis
This lesson included analysing a weather report in depth. By analysing an official news programme weather report, this allowed me to identify specific codes and conventions in relation to the genre. This allowed me to identify specific aspects such as language and mode of address. I was also able to identify the importance of a target audience and the role they play in a successful weather report such as contributing directly to the programme by sending photographs they have taken. The composure of the weather reporter plays a huge role in creating the tone of the report itself.
Through the analysis of a genuine news weather report, I was able to identify specific details and aspects I would like to use in my own weather report. I have decided to ensure that the weather reporter in my television news programme has a friendly and welcoming tone as this is successful in engaging and capturing the attention of the target audience.
This lesson included analysing a weather report in depth. By analysing an official news programme weather report, this allowed me to identify specific codes and conventions in relation to the genre. This allowed me to identify specific aspects such as language and mode of address. I was also able to identify the importance of a target audience and the role they play in a successful weather report such as contributing directly to the programme by sending photographs they have taken. The composure of the weather reporter plays a huge role in creating the tone of the report itself.
Through the analysis of a genuine news weather report, I was able to identify specific details and aspects I would like to use in my own weather report. I have decided to ensure that the weather reporter in my television news programme has a friendly and welcoming tone as this is successful in engaging and capturing the attention of the target audience.
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